St. Matthew, Apostle
Saint Matthew, the first-century tax collector turned apostle who chronicled the life and ministry of Christ in his Gospel, is celebrated by the Church today, September 21. Although relatively little is known about the life of St. Matthew, the account he wrote of Christ's ministry – traditionally considered to be the first of the four Gospels - is of inestimable value to the Church, particularly in its verification of Jesus as the Messiah.
Eastern Catholics and the Orthodox churches celebrate St. Matthew on November 16, along with St. Fulvianus, a prince who is recorded in some traditions as converting from paganism after Matthew's martyrdom.
The Gospel accounts of Mark and Luke, like Matthew's own, describe the encounter between Jesus and Matthew under the surprising circumstances of Matthew's tax-collecting duties. Jewish publicans, who collected taxes on behalf of the Roman rulers of first-century Judea, were objects of scorn and even hatred among their own communities, since they worked on behalf of the occupying power and often earned their living by collecting more than the state's due.
Jesus most likely first encountered Matthew near the house of Peter, in Capernaum near the Sea of Galilee. The meeting of the two was dramatic, as Matthew's third-person account in his Gospel captured: “As Jesus passed on,” the ninth chapter recounts, “he saw a man named Matthew sitting at the customs post. He said to him, 'Follow me'. And he got up and followed him.”
Matthew's calling into Jesus' inner circle was a dramatic gesture of the Messiah's universal message and mission, causing some religious authorities of the Jewish community to wonder: “Why does your teacher eat with tax collectors and sinners?” Jesus' significant response indicated a central purpose of his ministry: “I did not come to call the righteous but sinners."
A witness to Christ's resurrection after death, as well as his ascension into heaven and the events of Pentecost, Matthew also recorded Jesus' instruction for the apostles to “go, therefore, and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the holy Spirit, teaching them to observe all that I have commanded you.”
Like 11 of the 12 apostles, St. Matthew is traditionally thought to have died as a martyr while preaching the Gospel. The Roman Martyrology describes his death as occurring in a territory near present-day Egypt.
Both the saint himself, and his Gospel narrative, have inspired important works of religious art, ranging from the ornate illuminated pages of the Book of Kells in the ninth century, to the Saint Matthew Passion of J.S. Bach. Three famous paintings of Caravaggio, depicting St. Matthew's calling, inspiration and martyrdom, hang within the Contarelli Chapel in Rome's Church of St. Louis of the French.
Reflecting on St. Matthew's calling, from the pursuit of dishonest financial gain to the heights of holiness and divine inspiration, Pope Benedict said in 2006 that “in the figure of Matthew, the Gospels present to us a true and proper paradox: those who seem to be the farthest from holiness can even become a model of the acceptance of God's mercy and offer a glimpse of its marvelous effects in their own lives.”
Ephesians 4:1-7, 11-13
1 I therefore, a prisoner for the Lord, beg you to lead a life worthy of the calling to which you have been called,
2 with all lowliness and meekness, with patience, forbearing one another in love,
3 eager to maintain the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace.
4 There is one body and one Spirit, just as you were called to the one hope that belongs to your call,
5 one Lord, one faith, one baptism,
6 one God and Father of us all, who is above all and through all and in all.
7 But grace was given to each of us according to the measure of Christ's gift.
11 And his gifts were that some should be apostles, some prophets, some evangelists, some pastors and teachers,
12 to equip the saints for the work of ministry, for building up the body of Christ,
13 until we all attain to the unity of the faith and
of the knowledge of the Son of God, to mature manhood, to the measure of
the stature of the fulness of Christ
Matthew 9:9-13
9 As Jesus passed on from there, he saw a man called
Matthew sitting at the tax office; and he said to him, "Follow me." And
he rose and followed him.
10 And as he sat at table in the house, behold, many tax collectors and sinners came and sat down with Jesus and his disciples.
11 And when the Pharisees saw this, they said to his disciples, "Why does your teacher eat with tax collectors and sinners?"
12 But when he heard it, he said, "Those who are well have no need of a physician, but those who are sick.
13 Go and learn what this means, `I desire mercy, and not sacrifice.' For I came not to call the righteous, but sinners."
Psalms 19:2-5
1 The heavens are telling the glory of God; and the firmament proclaims his handiwork.
2 Day to day pours forth speech, and night to night declares knowledge.
3 There is no speech, nor are there words; their voice is not heard;
4 yet their voice goes out through all the earth, and
their words to the end of the world. In them he has set a tent for the
sun,
Lord, help us to mature in friendship with all of the others, in the Body of Christ
St Matthew, Apostle & Evangelist
Eph. 4:1-7,11-13; Ps. 19(18):2-3,4-5;Mt. 9:9-13 (Ps Wk IV)
Of all the followers Jesus called to be His close friends and then apostles, surely Matthew must be the most controversial and different from the others. For one thing, he was likely the most “wordly-wise” of the whole group: he was, after all, a ‘professional’ among mostly fishermen. But his “profession” was, in those days, not a very reputable one, in fact, it was considered a sinful occupation because tax-collectors made their living by squeezing money from people, and they were sometimes really harsh and grasping. That Jesus counted tax-collectors among His friends was a constant criticism of Him by self-righteous people.
The Gospel is very brief about the actual calling of Matthew. But it says more about what happened afterwards at the dinner-table, when Jesus strongly spoke up for His new friend. To Pharisees, who were so keen on exact observance of God’s word and laws, He said, “Go and learn the meaning of the words: What I want is mercy, not sacrifice.” They must have been shocked at this; and even more when He said He had come to call sinners, not those already virtuous. Good Christians are sometimes shocked to be reminded of these words of Jesus, and that He spent time with people who were considered socially “improper”.
There is room for every sort of person among Jesus’ friends, and each of us has our own special place and role at His table.
Lord, help us to mature in friendship with all of the others, in the Body of Christ.
